Informal Assessments - includes activities undertaken and anecdotal evidence gathered throughout the teaching and learning process in a less prescribed manner than formal assessment.
Curriculum-Based Assessment - Curriculum-based assessment (CBA) is a type of on-going assessment that involves periodic monitoring of a student's daily performance in relation to what is taught. It provides a measure of a student's progress through the curriculum and whether that progress is adequate.
Curriculum-Based Measurement - Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) is a method teachers use to find out how students are progressing in basic academic areas such as math, reading, writing, and spelling. When your child's teacher uses CBM, he or she finds out how well your child is progressing in learning the content for the academic year.
Criterion-Related Assessment - Criterion-referenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning —i.e., concise, written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage of their education
Criterion - A child evaluated according to IDEA as having intellectual disabilities, a hearing impairment including deafness, a speech or language impairment, a visual impairment including blindness, serious emotional disturbance (referred to in IDEA as emotional disturbance), an orthopaedic impairment, autism, traumatic brain etc.
Criterion Referenced Test - Criterion-referenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set predetermined criteria or learning —i.e., concise, written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage of their education.
Performance Assessment - Performance assessments can be used to more effectively align IEP'S goals to the measures of student learning by integrating skills across disciplines and measuring student skills at a deeper level than traditional standardized assessments.
Portfolio Assessment - Portfolios provide a forum for students to assess and reflect on their growth. Typically. standardized assessments are administered at the beginning of the school year and at the end to provide benchmarks of learning.
Dynamic Assessment - The term dynamic assessment (DA) refers to an assessment, by an active teaching process, of a child's perception learning, thinking and problem solving. DA is usually administered to children who demonstrate some learning disability, low scores on standardized tests, or some emotional or personality disturbance.
Checklist, Rating Scale, Observation - Informal assessment that can be for individual students. it is used to identify mastery of a skill and/or placement in a curriculum.
Norm-Referenced Test - Norm-referenced tests are a form of standardized testing that compares ''normal'' skill levels to those of individual students of same age. By comparing students to one another, it is possible to determine whether, how, and to what a degree a particular student is ahead of or behind the norm.
Standardized Test - A standardized test is a test that is administered and a scored in a consistent, or '' standard'' manner. Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone, is a standardized test.
Diagnostic Test - A diagnostic assessment is a form of pre-assessment where teachers can evaluate students' strengths, weakness, knowledge and skills before their instruction. An identical assessment may be given post-instruction to identify if students have met a course's required learning objectives.
Measurement - Educational measurement is the science and practice of obtaining information about characteristics of students, such as their knowledge, skills, abilities, and interests. ... Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to events based on an established set of rules.
Testing - Testing are ongoing with children in special education programs.
Error Analysis - The analysis of mistakes to determine why and how students make them in order to determine what needs to be taught and how.
High-Stakes Testing - High-stakes tests are designed to measure whether or not content and performance standards established by the state have been achieved. It is used to monitor progress by using adequate yearly progress (AYP) scores.
Alternative Assessments - Alternative assessments are ways of evaluating how students are doing in a class which are not traditional methods such as tests. This is mainly used for students with disabilities that are unable to take part in statewide assessments.
Reliability - Reliability refers to the degree to which scores from a particular test are consistent from one use of the test to the next.
Validity - Validity refers to the accuracy of an assessment whether or not it measures what it is supposed to measure.
Correlation - The method of determining the degree of relationship between two variables.
Scatter-gram - A scatter plot is a type of graph that shows pairs of data plotted as points. You can use a scatter plot to analyze trends in your data and to help you to determine whether or not there is a relationship between two variables.
Split-Half - Split-half reliability is a statistical method used to measure the consistency of the scores of a test.
Referral - A referral is the process or steps taken by a teacher in order to get extra assistance for a student with whom they directly work.
Pre-referral - A preventative approach intended to address struggling students' academic or behavioural challenges in the classroom.
Positive Correlation - A relationship between two variables in which both variables move in the same direction.
Negative Correlation - Negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa.
Standard Deviation - The measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean.
Test Validity - refers to the degree to which the test actually measures what it claims to measure.
Content Validity - refers to the extent to which the items in a test are fairly representative of the entire domain the test seeks to measure.
Construct Validity - An assessment of how well one's thoughts and ideas or theories are translated into actual programs or measures.
Descriptive Statistics - are brief descriptive coefficients that summarize a given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire population or a sample of a population.
Inferential Statistics - allow you to test a hypothesis or assess whether your data is generalizable to the broader population.
Measures of Dispersion - used to calculate how scores are spread from the mean.
Central Tendency - The mode, median, and mean are measures of central tendency and they provide meaningful information to the teacher when used correctly.
Variance - The description of how a group of scores varies or spread apart in a set of data.
Nominal Scale - A nominal scale is a scale of measurement used to assign events or objects into discrete categories. This form of scale does not require the use of numeric values or categories ranked by class, but simply unique identifiers to label each distinct category
Ordinal Scale - An ordinal scale is a scale (of measurement) that uses labels to classify cases (measurements) into ordered classes. Note that an ordinal scale implies that the classes must be put into an order such that each case in one class is considered greater than (or less than) every case in another class.
Interval Scale - Interval scale refers to the level of measurement in which the attributes composing variables are measured on specific numerical scores or values and there are equal distances between attributes
Ratio Scale - Ratio scale refers to the level of measurement in which the attributes composing variables are measured on specific numerical scores or values that have equal distances between attributes or points along the scale and are based on a “true zero” point.
Variables - A variable is something that can change or a is a quantity in an equation that can change its value.
Mean - The mean (average) of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set. The median is the middle value when a data set is ordered from least to greatest. The mode is the number that occurs most often in a data set.
Median - Median is the middle number in a sorted list of numbers. The median can be used to determine an approximate average, or mean, but is not to be confused with the actual mean. If there is an odd amount of numbers, the median value is the number that is in the middle, with the same amount of numbers below and above.
Mode - In statistics, the mode is the most commonly observed value in a set of data. For the normal distribution, the mode is also the same value as the mean and median.
Non - Parametric - The nonparametric method refers to a type of statistic that does not make any assumptions about the characteristics of the sample (its parameters) or whether the observed data is quantitative or qualitative.
Range Statistics - The range, the difference between the largest value and the smallest value, is the simplest measure of variability in the data.
Frequency Distribution - a mathematical function showing the number of instances in which a variable takes each of its possible values.
Bimodal Distribution - The distribution has two modes.
Multimodal Distribution - A distribution with three or more modes.
Frequency Polygon - A frequency polygon is a line graph of class frequency plotted against class midpoint.
Skewed Distribution - A distribution is said to be skewed when the data points cluster more toward one side of the scale than the other, creating a curve that is not symmetrical.
Positive Skewed Distribution - Many of the scores are below the mean.
Negatively Skewed Distribution - Many of the scores are above the mean.
Percentile Rank - How a student performed in relationship to students in the norm sample of the same age or grade.
Stanines - mainly used for group achievement scores. Reported as 1 through 9 groups with a mean of 5 and Standard Deviation unit of 2.
Deciles - uses 10 groups ranging from a score of 10 for lowest to 100 for highest and each group represent 10% of the scores obtained.
Basal - For individually administered tests, the point on test, associated with a given level of functioning or skill, for which an examiner is confident, that all items prior to that item would be answered correctly (considered too easy).
Ceilings - The ceiling is the point where the student has made a predetermined number of errors and therefore stops administering all other items on this test because it is assumed that the student will continue to get the answers wrong.
Intervention - something that comes between two things or something that changes the course of something.
Derived Scores - a converted raw score that gives meaning to a test score by comparing an individuals' score with those of a norm group.
Response to Intervention - Response to intervention (RTI) is a process used by by educators to help students who are are struggling with a skill or lesson; every teacher will use interventions (a set of teaching procedures) with any student to help them succeed in the classroom—it's not just for children with special needs or a learning disability.
Screening - Screening is used to obtain information on whether a student is showing signs of potentially needing special education support services.
Monitoring Progress - Progress monitoring is a scientifically based practice used to assess your child's academic progress and evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. The teacher creates progress graphs that show the child's progress toward the IEP goals. You may receive copies of these progress graphs every few weeks.
Discrepancy Analysis - The discrepancy model is what some schools use to determine if kids are eligible for special education services. The term “discrepancy” refers to a mismatch between a child's intellectual ability and his progress in school. Some states now use other methods to determine who is eligible for services.
Absolute Change - The simple difference in the indicator over two periods in time.
Raw Score - A raw score is the number of question answered correctly on a test or subtest.
Reliable Change Index - A concept in measurement and assessment. An RCI is a psychometric criterion used to evaluate whether a change over time of an individual score is considered statistically significant.
Percent Change - uses the mean of the baseline and compares it with the average of the intervention.
Curriculum-Based Assessment - Curriculum-based assessment (CBA) is a type of on-going assessment that involves periodic monitoring of a student's daily performance in relation to what is taught. It provides a measure of a student's progress through the curriculum and whether that progress is adequate.
Curriculum-Based Measurement - Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) is a method teachers use to find out how students are progressing in basic academic areas such as math, reading, writing, and spelling. When your child's teacher uses CBM, he or she finds out how well your child is progressing in learning the content for the academic year.
Criterion-Related Assessment - Criterion-referenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning —i.e., concise, written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage of their education
Criterion - A child evaluated according to IDEA as having intellectual disabilities, a hearing impairment including deafness, a speech or language impairment, a visual impairment including blindness, serious emotional disturbance (referred to in IDEA as emotional disturbance), an orthopaedic impairment, autism, traumatic brain etc.
Criterion Referenced Test - Criterion-referenced tests and assessments are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set predetermined criteria or learning —i.e., concise, written descriptions of what students are expected to know and be able to do at a specific stage of their education.
Performance Assessment - Performance assessments can be used to more effectively align IEP'S goals to the measures of student learning by integrating skills across disciplines and measuring student skills at a deeper level than traditional standardized assessments.
Portfolio Assessment - Portfolios provide a forum for students to assess and reflect on their growth. Typically. standardized assessments are administered at the beginning of the school year and at the end to provide benchmarks of learning.
Dynamic Assessment - The term dynamic assessment (DA) refers to an assessment, by an active teaching process, of a child's perception learning, thinking and problem solving. DA is usually administered to children who demonstrate some learning disability, low scores on standardized tests, or some emotional or personality disturbance.
Checklist, Rating Scale, Observation - Informal assessment that can be for individual students. it is used to identify mastery of a skill and/or placement in a curriculum.
Norm-Referenced Test - Norm-referenced tests are a form of standardized testing that compares ''normal'' skill levels to those of individual students of same age. By comparing students to one another, it is possible to determine whether, how, and to what a degree a particular student is ahead of or behind the norm.
Standardized Test - A standardized test is a test that is administered and a scored in a consistent, or '' standard'' manner. Any test in which the same test is given in the same manner to all test takers, and graded in the same manner for everyone, is a standardized test.
Diagnostic Test - A diagnostic assessment is a form of pre-assessment where teachers can evaluate students' strengths, weakness, knowledge and skills before their instruction. An identical assessment may be given post-instruction to identify if students have met a course's required learning objectives.
Measurement - Educational measurement is the science and practice of obtaining information about characteristics of students, such as their knowledge, skills, abilities, and interests. ... Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to events based on an established set of rules.
Testing - Testing are ongoing with children in special education programs.
Error Analysis - The analysis of mistakes to determine why and how students make them in order to determine what needs to be taught and how.
High-Stakes Testing - High-stakes tests are designed to measure whether or not content and performance standards established by the state have been achieved. It is used to monitor progress by using adequate yearly progress (AYP) scores.
Alternative Assessments - Alternative assessments are ways of evaluating how students are doing in a class which are not traditional methods such as tests. This is mainly used for students with disabilities that are unable to take part in statewide assessments.
Reliability - Reliability refers to the degree to which scores from a particular test are consistent from one use of the test to the next.
Validity - Validity refers to the accuracy of an assessment whether or not it measures what it is supposed to measure.
Correlation - The method of determining the degree of relationship between two variables.
Scatter-gram - A scatter plot is a type of graph that shows pairs of data plotted as points. You can use a scatter plot to analyze trends in your data and to help you to determine whether or not there is a relationship between two variables.
Split-Half - Split-half reliability is a statistical method used to measure the consistency of the scores of a test.
Referral - A referral is the process or steps taken by a teacher in order to get extra assistance for a student with whom they directly work.
Pre-referral - A preventative approach intended to address struggling students' academic or behavioural challenges in the classroom.
Positive Correlation - A relationship between two variables in which both variables move in the same direction.
Negative Correlation - Negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa.
Standard Deviation - The measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean.
Test Validity - refers to the degree to which the test actually measures what it claims to measure.
Content Validity - refers to the extent to which the items in a test are fairly representative of the entire domain the test seeks to measure.
Construct Validity - An assessment of how well one's thoughts and ideas or theories are translated into actual programs or measures.
Descriptive Statistics - are brief descriptive coefficients that summarize a given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire population or a sample of a population.
Inferential Statistics - allow you to test a hypothesis or assess whether your data is generalizable to the broader population.
Measures of Dispersion - used to calculate how scores are spread from the mean.
Central Tendency - The mode, median, and mean are measures of central tendency and they provide meaningful information to the teacher when used correctly.
Variance - The description of how a group of scores varies or spread apart in a set of data.
Nominal Scale - A nominal scale is a scale of measurement used to assign events or objects into discrete categories. This form of scale does not require the use of numeric values or categories ranked by class, but simply unique identifiers to label each distinct category
Ordinal Scale - An ordinal scale is a scale (of measurement) that uses labels to classify cases (measurements) into ordered classes. Note that an ordinal scale implies that the classes must be put into an order such that each case in one class is considered greater than (or less than) every case in another class.
Interval Scale - Interval scale refers to the level of measurement in which the attributes composing variables are measured on specific numerical scores or values and there are equal distances between attributes
Ratio Scale - Ratio scale refers to the level of measurement in which the attributes composing variables are measured on specific numerical scores or values that have equal distances between attributes or points along the scale and are based on a “true zero” point.
Variables - A variable is something that can change or a is a quantity in an equation that can change its value.
Mean - The mean (average) of a data set is found by adding all numbers in the data set and then dividing by the number of values in the set. The median is the middle value when a data set is ordered from least to greatest. The mode is the number that occurs most often in a data set.
Median - Median is the middle number in a sorted list of numbers. The median can be used to determine an approximate average, or mean, but is not to be confused with the actual mean. If there is an odd amount of numbers, the median value is the number that is in the middle, with the same amount of numbers below and above.
Mode - In statistics, the mode is the most commonly observed value in a set of data. For the normal distribution, the mode is also the same value as the mean and median.
Non - Parametric - The nonparametric method refers to a type of statistic that does not make any assumptions about the characteristics of the sample (its parameters) or whether the observed data is quantitative or qualitative.
Range Statistics - The range, the difference between the largest value and the smallest value, is the simplest measure of variability in the data.
Frequency Distribution - a mathematical function showing the number of instances in which a variable takes each of its possible values.
Bimodal Distribution - The distribution has two modes.
Multimodal Distribution - A distribution with three or more modes.
Frequency Polygon - A frequency polygon is a line graph of class frequency plotted against class midpoint.
Skewed Distribution - A distribution is said to be skewed when the data points cluster more toward one side of the scale than the other, creating a curve that is not symmetrical.
Positive Skewed Distribution - Many of the scores are below the mean.
Negatively Skewed Distribution - Many of the scores are above the mean.
Percentile Rank - How a student performed in relationship to students in the norm sample of the same age or grade.
Stanines - mainly used for group achievement scores. Reported as 1 through 9 groups with a mean of 5 and Standard Deviation unit of 2.
Deciles - uses 10 groups ranging from a score of 10 for lowest to 100 for highest and each group represent 10% of the scores obtained.
Basal - For individually administered tests, the point on test, associated with a given level of functioning or skill, for which an examiner is confident, that all items prior to that item would be answered correctly (considered too easy).
Ceilings - The ceiling is the point where the student has made a predetermined number of errors and therefore stops administering all other items on this test because it is assumed that the student will continue to get the answers wrong.
Intervention - something that comes between two things or something that changes the course of something.
Derived Scores - a converted raw score that gives meaning to a test score by comparing an individuals' score with those of a norm group.
Response to Intervention - Response to intervention (RTI) is a process used by by educators to help students who are are struggling with a skill or lesson; every teacher will use interventions (a set of teaching procedures) with any student to help them succeed in the classroom—it's not just for children with special needs or a learning disability.
Screening - Screening is used to obtain information on whether a student is showing signs of potentially needing special education support services.
Monitoring Progress - Progress monitoring is a scientifically based practice used to assess your child's academic progress and evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. The teacher creates progress graphs that show the child's progress toward the IEP goals. You may receive copies of these progress graphs every few weeks.
Discrepancy Analysis - The discrepancy model is what some schools use to determine if kids are eligible for special education services. The term “discrepancy” refers to a mismatch between a child's intellectual ability and his progress in school. Some states now use other methods to determine who is eligible for services.
Absolute Change - The simple difference in the indicator over two periods in time.
Raw Score - A raw score is the number of question answered correctly on a test or subtest.
Reliable Change Index - A concept in measurement and assessment. An RCI is a psychometric criterion used to evaluate whether a change over time of an individual score is considered statistically significant.
Percent Change - uses the mean of the baseline and compares it with the average of the intervention.